Bonnie May
Johana Guatemala
September 10, 2014
Johana Guatemala
September 10, 2014
Periodic Trends in Reactivity
Purpose
To explore the reactivity trends of metals in groups and periods of the periodic table.
Pre-Lab Questions
1.) What are groups? What are periods? What are families?
- Groups of the periodic table are the vertical columns. The periods of the periodic table are the horizontal rows. The groups of the periodic table that share a lot of similarities with all of the other elements in that group are called families.
2.) In general, where are the metals located on the periodic table?
- The metals are located to the left of the metalloid boundary.
3.) What are the names of two metal families?
- The alkali metals are the first group on the periodic table and the alkali earth metals are the second group.
4.) What element is in Group 3 and the 3rd Period?
- Gallium is in Group 3 and the 3rd period.
Procedure - Part 1: Trends in Properties Within Groups
1.) Acquire a test tube rack.
2.) Acquire two clean test tubes.
3.) Label your test tubes.
4.) Fill a beaker with tap water and get a disposable pipette.
5.) Bring test tubes to Charlene to get a sample of magnesium and a sample of calcium.
6.) Use pipette to cover sample with water.
7.) Observe reaction carefully and enter data in table.
8.) Dump sample into hand in sink, rinse sample, and place in corresponding labeled beaker. Wash test tubes.
To explore the reactivity trends of metals in groups and periods of the periodic table.
Pre-Lab Questions
1.) What are groups? What are periods? What are families?
- Groups of the periodic table are the vertical columns. The periods of the periodic table are the horizontal rows. The groups of the periodic table that share a lot of similarities with all of the other elements in that group are called families.
2.) In general, where are the metals located on the periodic table?
- The metals are located to the left of the metalloid boundary.
3.) What are the names of two metal families?
- The alkali metals are the first group on the periodic table and the alkali earth metals are the second group.
4.) What element is in Group 3 and the 3rd Period?
- Gallium is in Group 3 and the 3rd period.
Procedure - Part 1: Trends in Properties Within Groups
1.) Acquire a test tube rack.
2.) Acquire two clean test tubes.
3.) Label your test tubes.
4.) Fill a beaker with tap water and get a disposable pipette.
5.) Bring test tubes to Charlene to get a sample of magnesium and a sample of calcium.
6.) Use pipette to cover sample with water.
7.) Observe reaction carefully and enter data in table.
8.) Dump sample into hand in sink, rinse sample, and place in corresponding labeled beaker. Wash test tubes.
Procedure - Part 2: Activity Series of Some Metals in HCl
1.) Acquire one more clean test tube.
2.) Label test tubes.
3.) One person in group acquire HCl from Charlene.
4.) Reuse magnesium sample and acquire a sample of zinc and tin from Charlene.
5.) Cover sample with dilute HCl, adding drop by drop.
6.) Observe and fill in data table.
7.) Bring sample to fume hood. Poor one by one into labeled waste bottle.
1.) Acquire one more clean test tube.
2.) Label test tubes.
3.) One person in group acquire HCl from Charlene.
4.) Reuse magnesium sample and acquire a sample of zinc and tin from Charlene.
5.) Cover sample with dilute HCl, adding drop by drop.
6.) Observe and fill in data table.
7.) Bring sample to fume hood. Poor one by one into labeled waste bottle.
Post-Lab Questions
1.) What might be a reason for the difference in behavior between magnesium and calcium placed in water?
- The difference in behavior might have been because magnesium was in a solid form and the calcium was dehydrated and powdered, which appeared to mix with the water easily and dissolve. Also, magnesium and calcium are in different periods on the periodic table, which may indicate that they react differently.
2.) List the four metals from most reactive to least reactive. Use data from your lab to support your answer.
Zinc (most reactive)
Magnesium
Calcium
Tin (least reactive)
(refer to tables for evidence)
3.) In general, is there a relationship between the locations of metals on the periodic table and their relative activity?
- Elements in the periods near the top of the periodic table tend to react more, while those close to the metalloid boundary and in the bottom left do not react as much.
4.) Silicon, tin, and lead are all in the same group. The density of tin is about 7.28g/cm³ and the density of Pb is 11.34g/cm³. based on this trend, what do you estimate the density of silicon to be?
Estimate: 3.14g/cm³
5.) When elements are organized in the periodic table, various trends appear. Describe some of the trends that you learned about from this lab?
- Some trends I learned from these labs are that, starting from left to right, the elements on the left are more reactive and the elements on the right are less reactive.
6.) What can you conclude about the reactivity of metals as you move down a column or group in the periodic table?
- As you move higher up a column, the elements tend to be more reactive.
7.) What can you conclude about the reactivity of metals as you move across a period?
- The elements on the left tend to be more reactive and the elements on the right tend to be less reactive.
8.) Arrange each of the following metals in order from most to least reactive.
1.) What might be a reason for the difference in behavior between magnesium and calcium placed in water?
- The difference in behavior might have been because magnesium was in a solid form and the calcium was dehydrated and powdered, which appeared to mix with the water easily and dissolve. Also, magnesium and calcium are in different periods on the periodic table, which may indicate that they react differently.
2.) List the four metals from most reactive to least reactive. Use data from your lab to support your answer.
Zinc (most reactive)
Magnesium
Calcium
Tin (least reactive)
(refer to tables for evidence)
3.) In general, is there a relationship between the locations of metals on the periodic table and their relative activity?
- Elements in the periods near the top of the periodic table tend to react more, while those close to the metalloid boundary and in the bottom left do not react as much.
4.) Silicon, tin, and lead are all in the same group. The density of tin is about 7.28g/cm³ and the density of Pb is 11.34g/cm³. based on this trend, what do you estimate the density of silicon to be?
Estimate: 3.14g/cm³
5.) When elements are organized in the periodic table, various trends appear. Describe some of the trends that you learned about from this lab?
- Some trends I learned from these labs are that, starting from left to right, the elements on the left are more reactive and the elements on the right are less reactive.
6.) What can you conclude about the reactivity of metals as you move down a column or group in the periodic table?
- As you move higher up a column, the elements tend to be more reactive.
7.) What can you conclude about the reactivity of metals as you move across a period?
- The elements on the left tend to be more reactive and the elements on the right tend to be less reactive.
8.) Arrange each of the following metals in order from most to least reactive.
9.) Which is the most reactive metal in the periodic table? Would you expect this metal to be found in its unreacted element form?
- Lithium is the most reactive because it is in the very top left corner of the metals on the periodic table. I would not expect this element to be found in its unreacted elemental form because it needs a companion.
10.) Below is a reactivity chart.
- Lithium is the most reactive because it is in the very top left corner of the metals on the periodic table. I would not expect this element to be found in its unreacted elemental form because it needs a companion.
10.) Below is a reactivity chart.
Do your results and conclusion agree with the information found on this chart?
- Yes, our results do correspond with the information on the chart, with the exception of tin. However, our acid was diluted and a stronger one would have caused a reaction.
Conclusion
- After completing this lab experiment, I learned that the periodic table is full of patterns and trends, including that elements are placed on the table based on how react with different substances.
- Yes, our results do correspond with the information on the chart, with the exception of tin. However, our acid was diluted and a stronger one would have caused a reaction.
Conclusion
- After completing this lab experiment, I learned that the periodic table is full of patterns and trends, including that elements are placed on the table based on how react with different substances.